La base de esta lista es tomada del trabajo de Teta P y D’Elía G. 2019. The least known with the smallest ranges: analyzing the patterns of occurrence and conservation of South American rodents known only from their type localities. Therya DOI: 10.12933/therya-19886
Si usa esta lista se agradece citar el mencionado trabajo.
Ante omisiones o errores favor contactar a Guillermo D’Elía
| Suborder | Family | Year of description | Habitat | Country | Habits | UICN | |
| Akodon kotosh | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2016 | tropical forest | Peru | cursorial | NE |
| Akodon mystax | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 1998 | grassland | Brazil | cursorial | DD |
| Akodon philipmyersi | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2005 | grassland | Argentina | cursorial | DD |
| Brucepattersonius guarani | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2000 | tropical forest | Argentina | cursorial | DD |
| Brucepattersonius misionalis | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2000 | tropical forest | Argentina | cursorial | DD |
| Brucepattersonius paradisus | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2000 | tropical forest | Argentina | cursorial | DD |
| Calomys chinchilico | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2007 | desert | Peru | cursorial | NE |
| Cerradomys akroai | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2014 | scrubland | Brazil | cursorial | NE |
| Deltamys araucaria | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2017 | tropical forest | Brazil | cursorial | NE |
| Euneomys fossor | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 1899 | uncknown | Argentina | uncknown | DD |
| Geoxus lafkenche | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2016 | temperate forest | Chile | fossorial | NE |
| Hylaeamys tatei | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 1998 | tropical forest | Ecuador | cursorial | DD |
| Juliomys ximenezi | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2016 | tropical forest | Brazil | climber | NE |
| Juscelinomys candango | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 1965 | scrubland | Brazil | cursorial | EX |
| Microakodontomys transitorius | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 1993 | scrubland | Brazil | cursorial | EN |
| Neacomys macedoruizi | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2018 | tropical forest | Peru | cursorial | NE |
| Necromys lilloi | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2016 | grassland | Argentina | cursorial | NE |
| Nectomys saturatus | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 1897 | tropical forest | Ecuador | semiaquatic | NE |
| Oxymycterus caparaoe | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 1998 | grassland | Brazil | cursorial | LC |
| Phyllotis anitae | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2007 | grassland | Argentina | cursorial | DD |
| Phyllotis bonariensis | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 1964 | grassland | Argentina | cursorial | NT |
| Phyllotis osgoodi | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 1950 | desert | Chile | cursorial | DD |
| Rhipidomys albujai | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2017 | tropical forest | Ecuador | climber | DD |
| Thomasomys apeco | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 1993 | tropical forest | Peru | cursorial | VU |
| Thomasomys fumeus | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 1924 | tropical forest | Ecuador | cursorial | DD |
| Thomasomys hudsoni | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 1923 | scrubland | Ecuador | cursorial | VU |
| Thomasomys onkiro | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 2002 | tropical forest | Peru | cursorial | VU |
| Thomasomys rosalinda | Supramyomorpha | Cricetidae | 1926 | tropical forest | Peru | cursorial | EN |
| Abrocoma budini | Hystricomorpha | Abrocomidae | 1920 | scrubland | Argentina | cursorial | DD |
| Abrocoma famatina | Hystricomorpha | Abrocomidae | 1920 | scrubland | Argentina | cursorial | DD |
| Abrocoma vaccarum | Hystricomorpha | Abrocomidae | 1921 | scrubland | Argentina | cursorial | DD |
| Cuscomys ashaninka | Hystricomorpha | Abrocomidae | 1999 | tropical forest | Peru | cursorial | DD |
| Cuscomys oblativus | Hystricomorpha | Abrocomidae | 1916 | tropical forest | Peru | cursorial | DD |
| Cavia intermedia | Hystricomorpha | Caviidae | 1998 | grassland | Brazil | cursorial | CR |
| Cavia patzeli | Hystricomorpha | Caviidae | 1981 | grassland | Ecuador | cursorial | DD |
| Lagidium ahuacaense | Hystricomorpha | Chinchillidae | 2009 | desert | Ecuador | cursorial | DD |
| Lagostomus crassus | Hystricomorpha | Chinchillidae | 1910 | grassland | Peru | cursorial | EX |
| Ctenomys andersoni | Hystricomorpha | Ctenomyidae | 2014 | scrubland | Bolivia | fossorial | NE |
| Ctenomys bicolor | Hystricomorpha | Ctenomyidae | 1914 | scrubland | Bolivia | fossorial | NE |
| Ctenomys brasiliensis | Hystricomorpha | Ctenomyidae | 1826 | grassland | Uruguay | fossorial | DD |
| Ctenomys fochi | Hystricomorpha | Ctenomyidae | 1919 | grassland | Argentina | fossorial | DD |
| Ctenomys johanis | Hystricomorpha | Ctenomyidae | 1921 | scrubland | Argentina | fossorial | DD |
| Ctenomys juris | Hystricomorpha | Ctenomyidae | 1920 | scrubland | Argentina | fossorial | DD |
| Ctenomys lessai | Hystricomorpha | Ctenomyidae | 2014 | grassland | Bolivia | fossorial | NE |
| Ctenomys osvaldoreigi | Hystricomorpha | Ctenomyidae | 1995 | grassland | Argentina | fossorial | CR |
| Ctenomys paraguayensis | Hystricomorpha | Ctenomyidae | 2000 | grassland | Paraguay | fossorial | NE |
| Ctenomys pontifex | Hystricomorpha | Ctenomyidae | 1918 | scrubland | Argentina | fossorial | DD |
| Ctenomys validus | Hystricomorpha | Ctenomyidae | 1977 | scrubland | Argentina | fossorial | DD |
| Ctenomys yatesi | Hystricomorpha | Ctenomyidae | 2014 | scrubland | Bolivia | fossorial | NE |
| Ollalamys edax | Hystricomorpha | Echimyidae | 1916 | tropical forest | Venezuela | climber | DD |
| Phyllomys mantiqueirensis | Hystricomorpha | Echimyidae | 2003 | tropical forest | Brazil | climber | CR |
| Phyllomys thomasi | Hystricomorpha | Echimyidae | 1897 | tropical forest | Brazil | climber | EN |
| Phyllomys unicolor | Hystricomorpha | Echimyidae | 1842 | tropical forest | Brazil | climber | CR |
| Octodon pacificus | Hystricomorpha | Octodontidae | 1994 | temperate forest | Chile | cursorial | CR |
| Tympanoctomys aureus | Hystricomorpha | Octodontidae | 2000 | desert | Argentina | fossorial | CR |
| Tympanoctomys kirchnerorum | Hystricomorpha | Octodontidae | 2014 | desert | Argentina | fossorial | DD |
| Tympanoctomys loschalchalerosorum | Hystricomorpha | Octodontidae | 2000 | desert | Argentina | fossorial | CR |
| Santamartamys rufodorsalis | Hystricomorpha | Octodontidae | 1899 | tropical forest | Colombia | climber | CR |
Sistemática 